RFI Breath Test Defense
In reviewing videotapes of our client’s DUI arrests we often see cell phones being used in the booking room at the same time that the breath test is being administered. The problem is that cell phones create radio waves, and these waves can interfere with the breath test. Here is a videotape regarding this problem. The videotape addresses the Intoxilyzer. In Michigan we use the DataMaster, but the underlying concepts are the same.
Today cell phones are ubiquitous, and it is not unusual to see them in and around the breath testing equipment. The prohibition against using portable radio transmitters, including cell phones, is grounded in well-known limitations in infrared breath testing technology.
The problem originally dates back to 1982, when “Smith & Wesson, a major manufacturer of breath-testing devices, notified law enforcement agencies that its Breathalyzer Model 1000 had been found to experience interference from radio frequency transmissions under certain test conditions, resulting in false test results. Subsequent investigation suggested that the Breathalyzer Models 900 and 900A also were affected by various power levels.”[i]
But the problem of radio frequency interference didn’t go away with better more modern equipment. Such breath testing equipment typically has RFI detectors incorporated within them. The problem with these detectors is that they are not predictable. Thus, it is impossible in many cases to determine whether or to what extent any particular breath test was tainted. With an instrument such as the Breathalyzer, where someone’s rights and freedoms are at stake, unpredictable performance is unacceptable.”[ii] And, according to at least one source, RFI can potentially lead to breath test scores inflated by as much as 100%.[iii]
Additionally, as repeated tests have demonstrated, there is a segment of the frequency band to which the detector is essentially blind. If there is a source of interference from a device emitting electromagnetic waves in this frequency range, it will not be detected.[iv]
Manufacturers and state experts will often point to the infalability of the RFI detectors that exist in modern breath testing equipment. The problem is that, like slope detectors, and as shown by Mr. Biss in the video above, RFI detectors don’t work. Thus, the incorporation of the RFI detector does not necessarily ensure that the breath testing equipment will be protected from RFI. In order to pick up radio waves, the antenna connected to the RFI detector must be oriented in the proper position.
This situation can best be understood if one thinks about trying to pick up a station with an old fashioned portable radio or a television station with the new digital tuners. It is important for the antenna of the radio or television to be oriented in the right position to receive the desired station. Thus, even though the RFI detector may be capable of sensing RFI, the electronic circuitry of the particular breath testing machine could possibly be located in a position that it will not pick up the existing radio waves.[v]
Contact the Barone Defense Firm today to discuss whether or not RFI may have caused a false result in your drunk driving case.
[i] Lawrence Taylor, Drunk Driving Defense § 6.04[J] (6th ed.) (2006).
[ii] Feldman and Cohen, “The Questionable Accuracy of Breathalyzer Tests,” 19 Trial 6, 54 (1983). Excerpted from: Patrick T. Barone, Defending Drinking Drivers § 226 (2nd ed.) (2009)
[iii] See, Paul Schop, Is DWI DOA?: Admissibility of Breath Testing Evidence in the Wake of Recent Challenges to Breath Testing Devices, 20 SW. U. L. REV. 247 n.22 (1991)
[iv] Lawrence Taylor, Drunk Driving Defense § 6.04[J] (6th ed.) (2006).
[v] Don Nichols and Flem Whited, Drinking/Driving Litigation Criminal and Civil, § 22:8 (2nd ed.1998).
This post was written by...
baronedefensefirm – who has written 203 posts on Michigan DUI and License Restoration Lawyers.
Patrick T. Barone is the author on two books on DUI defense including the well respected two volume treatise Defending Drinking Drivers (James Publishing), and The DUI Book – A Citizen’s Guide to Understanding DUI Litigation in America. He is also the author of a monthly DUI defense column for the Criminal Defense Newsletter, published by Michigan’s State Appellate Defender’s Office. Mr. Barone is an adjunct professor at the Thomas M. Cooley Law School where he teaches Drunk Driving Law and Practice. He is also on the faculty of the Criminal Defense Attorney’s of Michigan’s Trial Lawyer’s College where he provides trial skills training to Michigan’s criminal defense practitioners. Mr. Barone lectures nationally on various DUI defense topics, and he has appeared in newspapers, on television and on radio as a drunk driving defense expert. Mr. Barone has been certified as an instructor and practitioner of the Standardized Field Sobriety Tests and has also attended a 24-hour certification course at National Patent Analytical Corporation (the manufacturer of the DataMaster) and has thereby been deemed competent by the manufacturer to operate, perform essential diagnostic verifications and calibration checks on the DataMaster. Mr. Barone is a Sustaining Member of College for DUI Defense. Mr. Barone is the principal and founding member of The Barone Defense Firm, whose practice is limited exclusively to defending drinking drivers. The Firm is headquartered in Birmingham, Michigan.
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This is the best blog posting I've seen on this flaw in breath testing machines. Well done. So many lawyers just assume the RFI detector works properly all the time. You article helps to educate the public, judges and prosecutors. Thank you.
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